46 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- Little or no nutritional ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... initiation of nutrition ... • These shifts ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
with possible symptoms ... Patellofemoral #Syndrome #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #msk
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
: • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hypocalcemia/Late - Hypercalcemia ... Shift of extracellular
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
paresthetica • Symptoms ... 3-6 months of symptom ... mass Sensory Symptoms ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis