38 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... vomiting) • Low
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... transcellular shifts ... renal function, medication ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Renal loss • Medication ... Transcellular shift ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... filling of bucket (low ... (transcellular shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Beta Blocker Side Effects / Toxicity
Cardiac Side Effects:
 • Sinus bradycardia, AV block, Heart failure exacerbation,
Beta Blocker Side Effects ... Facilitation of hyperkalemia ... BetaBlocker #BB #SideEffects ... AdverseEffects #pharmacology ... #diagnosis
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
15 g QD • Side Effects ... 8.4 g • Side Effects ... daily • Side Effects ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #medications #pharmacology
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
hyperkalemia? ... patients with hyperkalemia ... Update: AKI in NS row ... #Crystalloids #pharmacology ... #indications #comparison
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Genetic defects ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... Classification #Causes