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Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... - 6.4 mmol/L - Treatment ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Consider cause of hyperkalaemia ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology ... calcium #elevated #evaluation
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... , asystole #hyperkalemia ... #potassium #high ... management #algorithm #treatment
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... diagnosis #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Algorithm Before evaluating ... hypokalemia, life ... The next step in evaluating ... urinary losses: • High
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation ... Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... Reticularis: No routine evaluation ... Tumors #Hormone #Evaluation ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Intracellular Shift ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... • Reconsider treatment ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... Management #Algorithm #treatment ... #potassium #high