14 results
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... CM5 continuous ECG ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... consultation with cardiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
Increase fresh gas flow ... • Exclude high ... and positioning (e.g ... Pneumothorax and/or high ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Can’t Intubate, Can’t Oxygenate (CICO) - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
This is the last resort when
Guidelines for Crises ... device or nasal high ... flow. ❷ Consider ... airway expertise e.g ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
Increase fresh gas flow ... if it is due to high ... blood gas, 12-lead ECG ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Check fresh gas flow ... Also consider: high ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup ... #Cardiology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
heart disease Causes ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... percent PVCs/day • High ... #differential #cardiology