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diagnosis hyperkalemia differential management treatment algorithm nephrology anesthesiology checklist comparison criticalcare foamed intraoperative medications pathophysiology table workup binders binding blood
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... ); nausea, vomiting ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... CM5 continuous ECG ... Obtain a 12-lead ECG ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... consultation with cardiology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
• Treat the cause ... and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... Algorithm #treatment #potassium ... #high
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated. Pseudohyperkalemia: This
Causes: • Thrombocytosis ... potassium is high ... Causes: • Seen ... • ECG findings ... no changes in ECG
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Hypokalemia is ... electrocardiography (ECG ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... transcellular shifts ... depletion impedes potassium
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