22 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine) • Increased ... EC shift of K ( ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... #pharmacology #potassium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
Increased Airway ... of increased airway ... if it is due to high ... gas, 12-lead ECG ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... renal blood flow
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... : Blood draw error ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #potassium #high
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
Increase fresh ... gas flow AND give ... • Exclude high ... perfusion, recheck blood ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Blood drawn from ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... minutes-4 hours) - Increase ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... Pathophysiology: The shift ... , hypotension, hypovolemia