12 results
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... Evaluate underlying cause ... Cardioembolic: • ECG ... • TTE +/- TEE (high ... #CVA #stroke #workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... CM5 continuous ECG ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... consultation with cardiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... percent PVCs/day • High ... tachyarrhythmias High-risk ... #differential #cardiology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
both work together ... we introduce a high ... , the ICF must now ... causes Hyperkalemia ... The high CL- content
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Check fresh gas flow ... Consider known drug causes ... Also consider: high ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup ... #Cardiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification