11 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes hyperkalemia pathophysiology pharmacology urine chloride classification digoxin gitelman lactated lr management metabolic normal ns ringers saline
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... : • Alkalosis ... vomiting) • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... to diarrhea, a high ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
- Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... ) is a side effect ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
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