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differential algorithm causes nephrology hyperkalemia management treatment pathophysiology adrenal low criticalcare classification hematology hypocalcemia signs pharmacology shock stimulation summary symptoms
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... nephrology #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... effective arterial blood ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... diet • Blood ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
transcellular shifts ... , or insufficient ... significantly lower potassium ... decreased intake, insufficient ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis
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 Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... TTKG should be high ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
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