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management diagnosis differential hyperkalemia nephrology algorithm causes table high comparison diuretics drugs cardiology agents binders chf foamed heartfailure hypomagnesemia hypomg
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Transcellular shifts ... • Discontinued diuretic ... nephrology #low #potassium
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... kaliuresis #management #criticalcare ... #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Transcellular shift ... Hypothermia • Hypokalemic
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology # ... nephrology #medications
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... congenital), Thyrotoxic hypokalemic
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... renal function, medication ... adapt to excess potassium
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 Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... the Treatment of ... disturbances, shift ... Table 3 summarizes medications ... #Management #Medications
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 Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... #Medications #Pharmacology
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