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diagnosis differential management nephrology algorithm hyperkalemia causes pharmacology comparison hematology table hypocalcemia medications pathophysiology syndrome workup blood cardiology coccidioides coccidioidomycosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... Algorithm #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... , High PTH: Pseudohypoparathyroidism ... , Low PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... • Hypophosphatemia ... @kdjhaveri #Hypocalcemia
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Antacids, Phosphorus binders ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or High ... • Normal or Low ... PTH: - High
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... : Hypokalemic periodic ... #urine #potassium
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS Laboratory TLS: • Uric
Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment ... 8.0 mg/dL • Potassium ... Treatment of TLS ... Rasburicase • Hyperphosphatemia ... - Standard treatment
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia ... Appropriately Low ... Antacids, Phosphate Binders ... Transcellular Shift ... Inappropriately High
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... calcium for K; also binds ... nonspecifically binds ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... • Consider K+ binder ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... management #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
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