11 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
filling of bucket (low ... (transcellular shift ... all the time (urinary ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
- Differential ... - Increased Urinary ... Transcellular Shift ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Algorithm Acidosis ... Intracellular Shift ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Transcellular Shift ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular shift ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypercalcemic states, Primary ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low