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diagnosis differential hypokalemia high low treatment neurology rhabdomyolysis syndrome urine alkalosis chloride classification criticalcare encephalopathy epilepticus evaluation k metabolic pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... Transcellular shift ... #Causes #Classification
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... use), Gitelman's ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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