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diagnosis differential hypokalemia treatment comparison effects high hyponatremia hypotonic intercellularshift lactated normal ns pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic rhabdomyolysis ringers saline sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... K intake (anorexia ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
with hypokalemia ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #urine #potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... which imports K+ ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... Algorithm • Treat ... the cause & optimize ... Shift 3) K+ Excretion ... #Management #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Algorithm To assess ... perform 24-hour urine ... (K⁺ <3.5 mEq/L) ... suggest renal K ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... hypovolemia) - Use LR ... acidosis) • Low ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... trial • Minimal K ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... Decreased GFR, urine
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Decreased Na+-K+ ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... #Nephrology #Differential
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