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differential hypokalemia causes low syndrome management pathophysiology alkalosis metabolic urine bartter encephalopathy hyperkalemia hypochloremia polyneuropathy posterior pres reversible rhabdomyolysis treatment
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... syndrome • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #nephrology #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Increased ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... Shift: • Alkalosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypertensive ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
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