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Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Hypertension and Altered ... Mental Status ( ... Cardiac: • CHF ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... #encephalopathy
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Syndrome (PRES) ... Clinical Features: • Altered ... mental status ( ... agitation) • Seizures ... #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... edema visualized as ... the underlying cause ... : Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... HIV, or lyme • Altered ... mental status, ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
• These shifts ... Post-operative state ... decompensation (CHF ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... • Wernicke encephalopathy
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Fever, headache, altered ... mental status, ... Demyelinating disease caused ... • Symptoms: AMS ... • VZV • HIV encephalopathy
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Movement disorders, Seizure ... Meningitis, Myelopathy, Encephalopathy ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Secondary prevention (statin
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
extremities, fatigue, altered ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... #heartfailure #chf
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... illness, such as ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... neurological findings or seizure ... followed by acute altered