34 results
differential algorithm hypokalemia hyperkalemia kidney workup clinical management ophthalmology potassium acute classification hematuria hemorrhage high hypomagnesemia injury low medications pathophysiology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #nephrology #renal
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use • Redistribution/
- Differential Diagnosis ... Redistribution/ Shift ... bone syndrome • Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... Vascular occlusion RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... Extrarenal Laxatives - Renal ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... Antimicrobials Drug-induced renal ... #nephrology #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #high #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
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