175 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Classification #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... tubal acidosis ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... : • Lactic acidosis ... CKD Increased Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Renal Tubular Disorders

 • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1)
 • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Tubular Acidosis ... Tubular Acidosis ... Tubular Acidosis ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Transcellular shift
Urine Electrolyte Interpretation - AKI, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis

#Urine #Electrolytes #Interpretation #ULytes #AKI #FENa
Interpretation - AKI, Hyponatremia ... Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... #FENa #FEUrea #Nephrology
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Evaluation and Differential ... Differential Diagnosis ... Ketoacidosis, Renal ... bicarb, Bicarb shift ... GI loss of H+, Renal