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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia potassium high management classification acidosis aniongap diabetes hepatology hepatorenal hrs insipidus k metabolic nongap polychondritis relapsing rhabdomyolysis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Proximal RTA (type ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Shift of extracellular ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Villous adenoma Renal ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Excretion: - Renal ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... #potassium #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular potassium shift ... pseudohypoaldosteronism, systemic lupus ... transplantation, type ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... diseases: syßtemic lupus ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Classification #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Exclude other AKI causes ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... Treatment Overview ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
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