44 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Intracellular Shift ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... Transcellular shift ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Transcellular Shift ... Tumor Lysis • Metabolic ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... Context of Impaired Renal ... endocrinology #causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Solid or Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Solid Renal Mass:
 • Benign <3
Causes of Solid ... or Cystic Renal ... Algorithm Solid Renal ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology