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Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Central Cord Syndromes
 - Anterior Cord Syndrome
 - Central Cord Syndrome
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome

#CentralCord #Syndromes
Central Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... #CentralCord #Syndromes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Chloride depletion syndromes ... - Bartter syndrome ... - Gitelman syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome ... • Milk alkali syndrome
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome:
 - Acute poststreptococcal 
glomerulonephritis 
 - Rapidly progressive
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome ... glomerulonephropathy) - Alport syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Hyperthermia Syndromes Comparison
Serotonin Syndrome - NMS - Malignant Hyperthermia - Malignant Catatonia
Cause - Onset - Vitals
Hyperthermia Syndromes ... Comparison Serotonin Syndrome ... Mental Status - Treatment ... #Hyperthermia #Syndromes