309 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes clinical management microscopy kidney pathophysiology hyponatremia workup treatment crystals hypokalemia acidosis aki potassium hyperkalemia syndrome acute
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Transcellular Shift ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... Shift of extracellular ... perfusion → renal ... hour with goal urine ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... believed that urine ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... uncimchiefs #RTA #Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
- Renal • Urine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... losses • Urine ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Na > 30: Renal ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Urine ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
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