29 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Indications for Emergent Hemodialysis

Indications: "AEIOU" 
 A - Acidosis ( pH < 7.1 ) 
 E
: "AEIOU" A - ... - refractory hyperkalemia ... refractory to diuresis ... Dialysis #Mnemonic #AEIOU ... #Nephrology #Dialyzable
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Transcellular shift ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... summary #table #nephrology
AEIOU - Mnemonic of Acute Indications for Dialysis 
A - Acidosis - pH < 7.1
E -
AEIOU - Mnemonic ... of Acute Indications ... Electrolytes - Refractory Hyperkalemia ... Encephalopathy #AEIOU ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... congenital), Thyrotoxic hypokalemic ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
creatinine) • Cell shift ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology