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diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypokalemia hypophosphatemia urine alkalosis chloride framework hyperkalemia hypomg magnesium management metabolic metabolicalkalosis nongap pathophysiology phosphate phosphorus
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Medication • Hypomagnesemia ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... Transcellular shift ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
loop/thiazide) • Hypomagnesemia ... • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... High Renin, High ... aldosteronism Low ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... aldosteronism • High ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or High ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... wasting) • Hypomagnesemia ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Transcellular Shift ... Inappropriately High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
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