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diagnosis differential hypokalemia algorithm causes management hyperkalemia high hypomagnesemia evaluation gitelman k paralysis pathophysiology periodic rhabdomyolysis syndrome thyrotoxic urine
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... of magnesium into ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... EABV, Low Plasma ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... consumption • Low ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
Hypokalemia +/- low ... or high T3 • Treatment ... : Potassium and ... magnesium repletion ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Shift of extracellular ... oxidative injury Treatment ... Treatment of underlying ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Transcellular shift ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... artery stenosis Low ... Hyperaldosteronism Low ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
acidosis) • Low ... Stabilization Treatments ... Redistribution Treatments ... Slow - don’t delay ... #potassium #nephrology
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