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diagnosis causes hyperkalemia nephrology treatment algorithm hematology hypokalemia product reactions rhabdomyolysis bandemia cardiology cbc comparison digoxin druginduced edema effects fungal
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... • Consider K+ binder ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #high #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... effective arterial blood ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... Hyperkalemia (high ... Because digoxin binds ... #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Can give with blood ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Bandemia Overview Normal: < 1% Clinically significant: > 10% Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
of peripheral blood ... Left Shift: • ... Metamyelocyte (Left Shift ... with moderate and high ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
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