28 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
chronic vasospasm -> Diffuse ... resulting in a diffuse ... coloured -> Copper Wiring ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs ... course (<24h), N/V, diffuse
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Ulcerative Colitis vs Crohn's Disease - IBD Comparison Table
Ulcerative Collitis
 - Location
IBD Comparison Table ... • Continuous, Diffuse ... ileum • Most cases ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... IBD #Comparison #Table
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... / Ricketts - Diffuse ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
Bilateral B-Lines in case ... profile with lung sliding-must ... Bilat B lines/lung sliding ... , interstitial diffuse ... partially seen shred sign
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
bilateral and diffuse ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs ... pleural fluid by rising
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
From organ/cavity lining ... localized, crampy, diffuse ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Heart failure - Diffuse ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs