31 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
#Parathyroid #Calcitonin ... #Calcitriol #PTH ... #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hormones
Effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

#Parathyroid #hormone #PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
of Parathyroid hormone ... (PTH) and Calcitonin ... #PTH #Calcitonin ... phosphate #metabolism #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Diagnosis Framework ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... causes 3) Assess ... for non-hormonal ... #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Various Pituitary path ... • Increased calcitonin ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology ... Classification #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - Hormones ... and Pathophysiology ... Ca2+, ↑ PO4- PTH ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypercalcemia Low PTH ... #causes #endocrinology
Differentiation of Causes of Hyperthyroidism According to Pattern of Radionucleotide Uptake
Reduced uptake:
 • Thyroiditis
 • Exogenous
Differentiation of Causes ... Ectopic thyroid hormone ... radionuclide #uptake #differential ... #diagnosis #hyperthyroidism ... #endocrinology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Microprolactinoma • Steroid Hormone ... #Endocrinology ... #Causes
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumor Low Serum Hormone ... #endocrinology ... #causes