12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis: Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Disease, Meds (Opiates ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium