8 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion - Differential ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Acidosis B. ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High