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diagnosis nephrology causes algorithm hyperkalemia potassium metabolic renal alkalosis chloride classification crrt distal gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic intercellularshift management managment modalities
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
- Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... Elimination: • AKI ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis Distal ... ATPase - AEI ... distal RTA - A high ... #diagnosis #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... to diarrhea, a high ... in kidney tubular ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion - Differential ... renal failure • AKI ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... table #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
- Differential ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... Decreased distal tubule ... depletion, - AKI ... Causes #potassium #high
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