3006 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium
Lidocaine HCl - sodium channel blocker. Local anesthetic and class 1B antiarrhythmic. Originally developed in 1943
Lidocaine HCl - ... sodium channel blocker
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Management
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl ... - Epithelial Sodium
Abnormal Lipid Profiles - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Increased Cholesterol and Triglycerides 
 - Genetic Causes
Androgens Increased LDL ... • Familial LPL ... Deficiency • Apo-Cll
Split, Fractured Patella on Knee Exam

30 years old male, 10 years post motorbike accident.  Split,
with tears of ACL ... , PCL , PLC
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #Management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
(Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... • Exogenous (KCL
Luftsichel Sign in Left Upper Lobe Collapse - Chest X-Ray

An upper lobe collapse causes the collapse
Sometimes the LLL ... the collapsed LUL ... the air in the LLL ... Luftsichel #Sign #LUL