3508 results
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
binds cyanide - Sodium ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Chemical Eye Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Exogenous chemical to the eye and/or adnexa
 • Ammonia, sodium
adnexa • Ammonia, sodium ... EMERGENCY: immediate management ... following initial management ... #opthalmology #pathophysiology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Diagnosis and Management ... Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... others (botox, sodium ... SPS #Diagnosis #Management
Pathophysiology of The Nephron - Electrolyte and Water Exchange

The nephron — electrolyte and water exchange. 
180
Pathophysiology ... 26000 mmol of sodium ... 60—180 mmol of sodium ... #Pathophysiology
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Management
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #Management
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... the epithelial sodium ... #Pathophysiology
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
Pharmacologic Management ... Surfactants - Docusate sodium ... Tap water - Sodium ... Pharmacologic #Management