5818 results
Management of Jackhammer Esophagus or Esophageal Spasm
Step 1: Assess the severity of the motility disturbance
Step 2:
or Esophageal Spasm ... Consider further diagnostics ... Esophagus #Esophageal #Spasm
Infantile Spasms 
Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis 
1) Flexor spasms: Sudden flexion of neck, trunk, arms, and
Infantile Spasms ... Sclerosis 1) Flexor spasms ... 2) Extensor spasms ... Developmental delay Diagnosis ... Peds #Pediatrics #Diagnosis
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis ... death - diaphragm spasm ... Person Syndrome - Diagnosis ... of superimposed spasms ... Syndrome #SPS #Diagnosis
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina
Definition / Epidemiology:
 • Rest angina attributed to coronary artery vasospasm.
 • Patients often
Pathophysiology: • Diffuse spasm ... may precipitate spasm ... troponin elevation Diagnosis ... Angina #cardiology #diagnosis
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis ... • Esophageal Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal - Can't initiate swallow, Cough/nasal regurg when attempting to swallow
Esophageal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Diffuse Esophageal Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Esophageal: - Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Vascular Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
 - Constant Pain (Ischemia)
 - Acute Onset
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... or Hyperemia Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Esophageal Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Non-ACS Myocardial Injury - Elevated Troponin Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Chronic Myocardial Injury: End
Troponin Differential Diagnosis ... Intra-Coronary Process (ie Spasm ... #Differential #Diagnosis