64 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
, Pathophysiology ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #cardiology #HFrEF
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... K-ATPase which imports ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
monoarticular & the knee ... involved in >50% of cases ... S.A. can also be caused ... SepticArthritis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis
Osteoarthritis (OA): X-ray features 
 - Joint space narrowing (least specific)
 - Subchondral Cysts (pockets of
bone deposits/spurs ... Osteoarthritis #OA #Xray #radiology ... #diagnosis #findings ... #Clinical #knee
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
It is caused by ... actually seen in all causes ... TreeInBud #Sign #diagnosis ... #clinical #radiology ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential Diagnosis ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... and iron release Diagnosis ... endpoint of all-cause ... #management #cardiology
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Primary Myocardial Processes (> 90%):
 • Acquired structural heart disease: CAD, Most
Causes of Sudden ... Channelopathies: Long/short ... Cardiac #Arrest #cardiology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes
Torsades de Pointes (TdP): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by PVC in the setting
dePointes #TdP #Diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis