29 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... #ABG #bloodgas
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #potassium #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome ... tumor burden & metabolic ... Normally, glucose stores ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... working • Bartter syndrome ... ) • Gitelman syndrome ... calcium) alkali syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... #potassium