10 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
protein - Low sodium ... diet - Thiazides ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Avoid high Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Potomania - Low solute diet ... solute/protein diet ... • Renal Failure ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Tea and Toast Diet ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Tea and toast” diet ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
and necrosis in states ... shift • Saline Causes ... filtration - Renal ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low salt in diet ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Post-Transplant Diarrhea - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Post-transplant diarrhea (≥ 3 loose or liquid stools per day)
and Management Algorithm ... loose or liquid stools ... Malabsorption workup in case ... Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm ... #nephrology #renal