19 results
Urine Electrolyte Interpretation - AKI, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis

#Urine #Electrolytes #Interpretation #ULytes #AKI #FENa
, Hyponatremia, ... Hypokalemia and Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis #Urine ... #FENa #FEUrea #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): refers to a group of conditions all of which cause the same
Renal tubular acidosis ... end result: a metabolic ... acidosis that has ... #Diagnosis #IM ... Features #Table #Comparison
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal acidosis ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... development of metabolic ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... Saline Causes AKI ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology