22 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Treatment Options Stabilize ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
Classification of ... 8.0 mg/dL • Potassium ... Intravenous fluids • Renal ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #oncology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... blood flow and ... Cause Hemodynamic Instability ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low