11 results
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
- Metabolic syndrome ... (ACEI, ARB, diabetes ... failure - Co-medication ... - Metabolic syndrome ... contraindications #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... in kidneys) - Medications ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... disorders - Pregnancy ... #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Pregnancy-associated ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #Diagnosis #indications
A toxidrome is a syndrome (set of symptoms) caused by specific medications or toxins.

There are 5
toxidrome is a syndrome ... set of symptoms) caused ... by specific medications ... barbituates, “Z-drugs ... Toxicology #Toxidromes #Comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
reactions Common Drugs ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
reactions Common Drugs ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Uncontrolled • Drug ... taken at home, work ... licorice • Medications ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... Hyperparathyroidism • Pregnancy
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table