21 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diarrhea ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... ) Renal Losses: ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... / IBD Renal Loses ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Causes of acute ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... #management #algorithm ... #workup #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #nephrology