32 results
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... based solely on symptoms ... who never show symptoms ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #Classes
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Classification
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms ... and TR Murmurs Imaging ... Other Glycogen Storage ... differential #cardiology #algorithm
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
previous neurologic symptoms ... lymphadenopathy, pulmonary symptoms ... tuberculoma (later stage ... possible neurological symptoms ... • Caused by immune
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
Stage D CHF is frequently ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... infarction. end-stage
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm ... "pass out" • Symptoms ... Associated with nausea ... balanced when standing ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Algorithm
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... Mediated (granular staining ... antibodies (linear staining ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... morulae Signs and symptoms ... malaise, myalgias, shaking ... is rare (< 10% cases ... ), cough (30% cases
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms