11 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... HeartFailure #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
especially in Stage ... Stage B is defined ... are considered Stage ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #CHF ... #Stages #Classes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... III and class IV ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... According to Volume Status ... hypernatremia - CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Pneumonia • ARDS ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK+
Clinical
 • First 3 decades of life, M>F
 • Often nodal +
present w advanced stage ... • Hodgkin-like pattern ... : mimics NS CHL ... • Composite pattern ... than one • Rare cases
Non-ACS Myocardial Injury - Elevated Troponin Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Chronic Myocardial Injury: End
Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm ... Myocardial Injury: End Stage ... Tachycardia-induced HF ... Occlusion • Stable ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... present in 15% of cases ... altered mental status ... subcortical white matter ... differential #diagnosis #AIDS
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
CNS in the early stages ... blood-brain barrier Classic ... : • Increased CSF ... striatal gray matter ... disorder #dementia #AIDS
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Assess functional status ... disease b) CHF ... Functional status ... ASA class If ... event, follow ACC algorithm