14 results
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Disease - Especially COPD ... Hematopoiesis Hyperthyroidism ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Disease • GH Deficiency ... • IGF-I Deficiency ... Dwarfism) • Hypothyroidism ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... • Asthma • COPD ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... Deconditioning • Hyperthyroidism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism ... Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism ... Size Thyroid Storm ... psychosis - CHF ... #causes #diagnosis
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
• Asthma • COPD ... Pneumonia • CHF ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Hematologic Causes ... Tachypnea: • Hyperthyroidism
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... Stress, Nausea, ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... Glucocorticoid Deficiency
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... Manifestations Causes ... of Thiamine Deficiency ... Lactation - Hyperthyroidism ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... decompensation (CHF ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... Wilson's disease • hypothyroidism ... • Zinc deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes