9 results
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
but important causes ... nutritionally variant Strep ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #differential #workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... AIN: Medication, Infection ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Statins - ETOH - Infection ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
GFR<15 - ↓ Effective ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac - Arrhythmia:
 • Tachyarrhythmia
 • Bradyarrhythmia
 • Supraventricular Tachycardia
Causes of Syncope ... • Sick-Sinus Syndrome ... Dehydration • Hypovolemia ... Defecation #Syncope #Neurology ... #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
HIV, Legionella, Strep ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Electrolytes: Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #table