13 results
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Volume Based Approach ... to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Stress, Nausea, ... Pulmonary Diseases ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in
Pressure (PEEP) vs Low ... Acute Respiratory Distress ... Syndrome JAMA ... increased 28-day all-cause ... Postoperative #Pulmonary
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... or restrictive lung ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
the apex of the lung ... experience, the cause ... surgery; as in our case ... video highlights how ... #physicalexam #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
mg per day How ... organizing pneumonia, ARDS ... syndrome) is rare ... • Reticular + Nodular ... • Favorable in case
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... (It's usually low ... and diarrhea • Hyponatremia ... factor • May cause ... #pulmonary #differential