12 results
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... • Calcineurin inhibitor ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... Calcineurin inhibitors ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... drugs • ACE inhibitors ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
NSAIDs • ACE Inhibitors ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
NSAIDs • ACE Inhibitors ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
by an anion gap acidosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... seen with SGLT inhibitors ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
gap metabolic acidosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... infusion, Calcineurin inhibitors ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K