9 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic: Diabetes ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
post-obstructive 3) Diabetes ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Diabetes Insipidus - Diagnosis Algorithm
Tests:
 • Osmolality, Urine AND/OR
 • Osmolality, Serum or Plasma AND
 •
Diabetes Insipidus ... Plasma AND • Sodium ... ARUPConsult @ARUPLabs #Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
- Co-morbid diabetes ... Differential Diagnosis: Diabetes ... Urine Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium ... diagnosis #management #nephrology