16 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
spinal artery injury ... function below injury ... and #Acute #SpinalCord ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #orthopedics #neurology
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes
Anterior Cord Syndrome:
 • Bilateral loss of motor, pain and temperature sensation below
below level of injury ... • Hyperflexion injury ... #Incomplete #SpinalCord ... #Syndromes #Diagnosis ... #Neurology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... K+: • Tissue injury ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord
Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
more resilient to injury ... #Myotomes #SpinalCord ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... #nephrology #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hypocalcemia/Late - Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Nephrology
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Spinal Cord Injury ... Sphincter None #SpinalCord ... #Injury #NerveRoots ... #differential #diagnosis ... #Neurology #Spine
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Acute spinal cord injury ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... in spinal cord injury ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology