15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... and 2, but not type ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
obstruction _ pHA type ... I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... Renin - Primary ... Ketoconazole Low
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Shock Classification ... CO / Low SVR ... Blood Loss, GI Losses ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Shock #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Types
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... Chronic heparin - Primary ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... collecting duct plaque, Low ... and intestine, Low ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... of stones: • Urinary ... overproduction • Low ... solubility: • Low ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
pH Calculate Urinary ... /normal Type ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Villous adenoma - Losses
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... Uosm <100): Renal Losses ... water intake (Primary ... polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
ASA class If ... high risk > 1% risk ... Risk Stratify Type ... Orthopedic • Low ... What is the type